适用于CATTI作文和英译汉的黄金句式(下)

　　适用于CATTI作文和英译汉的黄金句式(下)

　　许多同学都报名了CATTI考试，周末就要进考场了，不知道大家都准备的怎么样了呢?虽说“临阵磨枪，不亮也光”，但用什么“磨刀石”也是非常有讲究的，老师为同学们准备了一系列的逻辑表达类句型集锦，因为无论是口译考试里的材料概括(小作文)还是笔译里的汉英翻译都需要大量使用此类结构。选取收录此类高格调语言素材的时候，老师遵循这么几个原则：

　　1.首先，当然是格调要高，效果要好，要用出来很显水平;

　　2.其次，句型适用性广，不怎么需要考虑褒贬修饰和适用对象;

　　3.再者，这些表达自身没有太多的使用风险，无论是单词拼写、语法搭配还是句式结构都不会出错;

　　4.最后，逻辑种类齐全，既能帮同学们提高作文质量，也能在汉英篇章翻译环节为自己的译文增添色彩。

　　昨天我们讲了“个体与整体”以及“过程与结果”这两大类关系的表述。最后一期主要是给大家介绍一些具有对比关系的逻辑架构。同样的，这些都是作文中最常用的句子结构，也是汉英篇章翻译里很实用的句式表达。

　　-若无特别说明，AB均为名词性句子成分-

　　-词组均采用动词不定式形式-

　　-如果有不认识的单词，就赶快去查一查，老师用的都是考试常用词-

　　利弊得失优劣权衡

　　看到这个分类，同学们的第一反应一定是the advantages of XX far outweigh its disadvantages。这个表达虽好，但实在是太过俗套。同学们在作文中常常需要描述利弊、得失、优劣、好坏等关系，而汉英翻译同样会遇到此类逻辑架构，可以说是非常好用的了。

　　1.when compared with B, A is nothing(小巫见大巫)

　　2.A can be ignored when we take B into consideration

　　3.the influence/importance/significance of A is dwarfed by that of B

　　4.when compared with B, even A (a bad thing) would appear to be a good thing(孰重孰轻)

　　5.the advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)

　　6.there is no absolute winner, and when you gain something you do lose something else(有得有失)

　　7.there is no absolutely perfect plan: we sacrifice the interests of the few and serve the public good(多数与少数)

　　8.admittedly, A is valuable to us but when B comes, A would be rather the one to be sacrificed(丢车保帅)

　　9.perhaps most of the things can be put somewhere between black and white, and there is no definite right or wrong(非黑即白)

　　10.we cannot reduce this complicated matter to a simple question of yes and no(非此即彼)

　　比如：

　　1.When compared with the national sovereignty and territorial integrity, personal interests can, in most cases, be sacrificed. (小我大我)

　　2.The advantages of building the Three Gorges Dam far outweigh its disadvantages. (利大于弊)

　　3.There is no absolute winner, and when you gain something you do lose something else, so don’t be so depressed when you get a 95 out of 100: it might already be the best possible result. (知足常乐)

　　4.Admittedly, a person’s life is the most valuable thing to him, but when it comes to the dignity of our nation, Wang Wei sacrificed his life over the South China Sea.(81192)

　　5.The contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection is a complicated matter that cannot be reduced to a simple question of yes or no: things have to be handled in a balanced way.(统筹兼顾)

　　让步对比转折冲突

　　可以说，这是同学们最需要掌握的一类结构，原因有二：其一，作文话题多是有争议性的材料，需要我们从两个方面论述，极少存在一边倒的情况;其二，北外汉英翻译特别喜欢出这类内容，几乎年年都有，老师随便给同学们举几个例子：在全球疫情大流行与经济不确定性并存的背景下，前三季度中国经济能够在巨大困难中实现“由负转正”(2020);仁虽似有刚直之意，但毕竟为温和之物(2019);前者凸显皇家大气，后者含蓄内敛(2018);秦朝耗费了极大的人力和物力修筑长城，却终究没能阻止自身的灭亡(2016)。所以，同学们不仅要会用，用对，更要用好，用漂亮!

　　1.longer working time/hours and higher working efficiency/productivity(磨刀不误砍柴工)

　　2.higherscoresat school do not necessarily mean better development in the society(高分低能)

　　3.while safety and stability bring prosperity, violence and chaos produces destitution(仓廪实而知礼节)

　　4.unfettered growth of A must be put under control

　　5.sensual pleasure is temporary while spiritual enrichment is permanent(永恒的快乐与暂时的欢愉)

　　6.when we look back at our history, / and we turn around to see the promising future/outlook of our country(过去与将来)

　　7.we tear down the wall between A and B, yet unexpectedlybuild another barrier between C and D(无心为恶)

　　8.A drives B up and puts C down

　　9.while the pressing issue must be solved, we are more concerned with long-term challenges(远虑近忧)

　　10.talking is one thing, while walking is another(脚踏实地)

　　11.A is of course among our priorities/friends/partners/cooperators, while B must be excluded(分清敌我)

　　12.lead as an example or follow suit when someone has done a good job(从善如流)

　　13.it is not whose army wins, but whose story wins(得民心者的天下)

　　14.the strength of our nation comes not from A but from B

　　15.the road is full of bumpers, detours and obstacles, but we still have the determination to go through all the hardship(道阻且长)

　　这些句子结构都很考验功力，比如：

　　1.Preparingfor Kaoyan is a long process: when multiple hours of learning every day is a must, we should also try to increase the efficiency of our preparation and avoid rote learning. (高效复习才是王道)

　　2.Higher scores at school do not necessarily meanbetter development in the society, there are countless examples of “good students” becoming ordinary people after graduating from school. (泯然众人矣)

　　3.Unfettered growth of campus loans must be curbed and put under control/supervision, because students do not have a clear understanding on their capacity to repay the loans. (万恶的校园贷)

　　4.Talking is one thing, while walking is another: we look up and see the stars high in the sky, but we also need to take concrete steps to reach our destination.(仰望星空，脚踏实地)

　　5.Economic growth is of course among our priorities of the Scientific Outlook for Development, while on this list there is no such thing as “serving the interests of the privileged few”.(科学发展)

　　6.Among all the alternatives, Kaoyan is definitely the most challenging and weary option. It is full of bumpers, detours and obstacles, but we still have the determination to go through all the hardship(考研人最棒!)

　　Array